Proton pump inhibitors have been linked to increased fracture risk of the spine, wrist, and hip. Proton pump inhibitors are a group of drugs used to treat acid reflux. They are generally the strongest inhibitors of acid secretion, and are amongst some of the most popular drugs in the world. Brand names of this type of medication include Nexium, Dexilant, Prilosec, Zegerid, Prevacid, Protonix, Aciphex, and Vimovo, which are all available by prescription only. Prilosec OTC, Zegerid OTC, and Prevacid 24HR are sold over-the-counter for the treatment of frequent heartburn.

Following several epidemiological studies that have been under critical review by the FDA, proton pump inhibitors are now required to carry a warning label on all bottles. According to the FDA, "some studies found that those at greatest risk for fracture received high doses of proton pump inhibitors or used them for one or more years. The majority of the studies evaluated individuals 50 years of age or older and the increased risk of fracture primarily was observed in this age group."